PH717 Module 6 - Random Error
Probability, Estimation, and Confidence Intervals
Contents
Page 1
Introduction
Learning Objectives
Page 2
What is Probability?
Conditional Probability
Page 3
Probability When Screening for Pre-clinical Disease
Sensitivity of a Screening Test
Specificity of a Screening Test
Positive and Negative Predictive Value of a Screening Test
Positive Predictive Value
Negative Predictive Value
Page 4
Probability Distributions for Continuous Variables
Page 5
Characteristics of a Normal Distribution
The Standard Normal Distribution
What if Z is a Negative Number?
Page 6
Z-scores as Summary Measures
Page 7
Finding Percentiles with the Normal Distribution
Page 8
Variability in Means Obtained from a Sample
Page 9
The Probability of a Sample Mean
Page 10
Confidence in Our Estimates
The 95% Confidence Interval for Mean
What the Confidence Interval Really Means
Other Confidence Intervals
Page 11
Confidence Intervals for Sample Size Less Than 30
The T-distribution
Confidence Intervals for a Mean Using R
Confidence Intervals from Raw Data Using R
Page 12
Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
Computing the 95% Confidence Interval for a Proportion Using R
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