DNA, Genetics, and Evolution
Contents
Page 1
Learning Objectives
Page 2
Chromosomes Contain Our Genetic Code
Structure of DNA
DNA and RNA differ in several ways:
Page 3
Genes
Transcription and Translation of a Gene
Transcription
Translation
How is the code translated?
Mitochondrial DNA
Page 4
Proteins Perform Many Functions
Genetic Variation: Mutations and SNPs
Mutations
Substitution of One Base Pair
Addition or Deletion of One Base Pair
Relocation of a Segment of Nucleotides
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
Page 5
Alleles
Autosomes, and Sex Chromosomes
Dominant and Recessive Alleles
Co-dominance
Page 6
Mutations Drive Evolution
Natural Selection
Darwin's Postulates
The Prevalence of Sickle Cell Trait
Page 7
Control of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
RNAi
Page 8
Epigenetics
Epigenetics and the Influence of Our Genes
Page 9
Reproduction
Binary Fission in Prokaryotes
Mitosis
The Cell Cycle
Meiosis
Meiosis Shuffles The Deck
Page 10
Fertilization, Oogenesis, and Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Page 11
Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Dominant versus Recessive Inheritance Patterns
Galtonian Patterns of Inheritance
Sex-Linked Inheritance
Page 12
The Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance
Penicillin-Resistant Bacteria
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Bacterial Acquistion of Antibiotic Resistant Genes
Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction
Slowing the Phenomenon of Antibiotic Resistance
Drug Resistance in HIV
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