Contents
- Page 2
- What is Confounding?
- Refining Our Understanding of Confounding
- Unraveling the Complexity of Health Problems
- Page 4
- Residual Confounding, Confounding by Indication, & Reverse Causality
- Residual Confounding
- Confounding by Indication
- Reverse Causality
- Page 7
- The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Method
- Data Layout for Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Estimates
- Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Equations
- Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel for Incidence Rates
- More Than Two Sub-strata
- Stratification to Control for Two or More Factors
- Limitations of Stratified Analysis
- Summary of Control of Confounding
