Resources

\\ Need to organize this pageand incorporate some citations into sections throughout the module \\

• "Agriculture 101- Beef Production": http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/ag101/printbeef.html
• "Effect of Cattle Diet on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Acid Resistance": http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC91480/
• "How Cows Eat Grass": http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/ResourcesforYou/AnimalHealthLiteracy/UCM255583.pdf
• "What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health": http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867957/
• "Grain feeding and the dissemination of acid-resistant Escherichia coli from cattle.": http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733511
• "The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy": http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib-economic-information-bulletin/eib3.aspx#.UmQuyWTwK60
• "Development of Corm Based Beef Industry": http://www.cabpartners.com/articles/news/226/08_08ASASannual_Development_of_a_Cornbased_Beef_Industry.pdf
• http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090904
• http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6191894n
• http://www.pewhealth.org/other-resource/record-high-antibiotic-sales-for-meat-and-poultry-production-85899449119 http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2013/09/cdc-meat-industry-yes-you-contribute-antibiotic-resistance
• http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2011/p0407_antimicrobialresistance.html
• Foer, Jonathan Safran. Eating Animals. New York: Little, Brown and, 2009. Print.

 \\ We can incorporate these questions below throughout the module by matching them to the page on which they are covered.\\

Quiz questions:

Jenny's questions:

1. Which of the following is not a method by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? (Transformation, Conjugation, Plasmidization, Mutation)
2. Approximately what percentage of antibiotics in the United States go to factory farms? (80%)
3. True or False: Bacteria can gain resistance by changes in their ribosomes and cell walls? (True)

Katie's Questions:

1. True or False: Cows have four stomachs.
2. True or False: The process of a cows swallowing, un-swallowing, re-chewing, and re-swallowing is called rumination.
3. True or False: Acid-resistant E. coli is problematic because it can not be destroyed but the acid in the human stomach which typically acts as a barrier to food-borne pathogens.

Natalie's Question:

1. Improving broiler house hygiene may help flocks avoid being infected with C. jejuni. (True)
2. Campylobacter only requires a very small inoculum to infect a human host. (False)
3. Campylobacter is a pathogen that has developed because of modern farming practices. (False)

Steve's Questions:

1. True or False:  E. coli 0157:H7 is part of normal flora in the intestines of humans.
2. True or False: Cattle are the most common reservoir for E. coli 0157:H7
3. True or False: Since 1996, E. coli 0157:H7 cases have been increasing
4. Manure disposal methods consist of which of the following? a) Pumping liquefied manure onto spray fields, b) Trucking it off-site, c) Storage, d) All of the above
5. One of the ways in which you can reduce the spread of E. coli and Salmonella is? a) Eat raw foods, b) Wash hands after handling raw foods, c) Cook ground meat products to an internal temperature of 100 ºF, d) None of the above

return to top | previous page